Antibacterial and Antiplasmodial Activities of Tannins Extracted from Zizyphus mauritiana in Mali

Aim: This study was designed to evaluate tannins extracted from Ziziphus mauritiana as source of potential antimalarial and antimicrobial agents in Mali.Place and Duration of Study: Collection of plant materials, tannins extraction, antibacterial activity evaluation were done at University od Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali and antiplasmodial activity assessment at Department of Microbiology and Immunology, WeillCornell Medicine, New York, United States of America between September 2013 and February 2014Methods: We extracted tannins from leaves of Z. mauritiana collectedaround Bamako, Mali. Antiplasmodialactivity was evaluated against 3D7 (chloroquine-sensitive) and Dd2 (chloroquine-resistant) strains of Plasmodium falciparumusing the fluorescence based SYBR® green I method. Antibacterial activity of tannins was evaluated by disc diffusion method againststrains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Streptococcus andStaphylococcus aureus donated by the National Research Institute in Public Health in Mali and collected from infected patients suffering from different diseases.Results: Tannins extracts from leaves of Z. mauritiana showed moderate antiplasmodial activity against 3D7 P. falciparum (46.9±1.12 ?g/mL) and against Dd2 P. falciparum strains (67.8±2.39?g/mL). They showed also an antibacterial activity on different bacterial strains showing important inhibition zones. Conclusion: Tannins extractedfrom Z. mauritiana demonstrated good antiplasmodial and antibacterial activities.These data confirm the potential use of tannins as a key element in antimalarial and antibacterial drug development.

SNPs on ABC Transporters and in vivo Malaria Parasite Non Clearance after Chloroquine Treatment in Malian Children.

Background: pfcrt K76T mutation was demonstrated to play a central role in the P. falciparum resistance to chloroquine. Aim: To find any association between mutant alleles of pfcrt K76T, pfmdr1 N86Y, pfG30 and pfG47 and the in vivo parasite non clearance after chloroquine treatment in Mali. Methodology: We carried out a chloroquine efficacy study in 196 children suffering from uncomplicated malaria in a rural village of Kollé, Mali, using WHO protocol. Subjects were treated with standard dose of chloroquine and followed for 14 days. Parasite DNA was extracted from finger prick blood blotted onto filter paper and genotypes were analyzed by different PCR methods. Results: The mutant alleles pfcrt 76T and pfmdr1 86Y were associated with parasite non clearance with p=0.00001 and 0.03 respectively. However, the association of SNPs on pfG30 and pfG47 genes with parasite non clearance was not statistically significant, p =0.43 and 0.57 respectively. The logistic regression analysis showed that the mutant allele pfmdr186Y contributed positively to the pfcrt 76T parasites non clearance (p=0.02). Conclusion: These findings have shown that pfcrt76T and pfmdr1 86Y alleles are associated with the in vivo parasite non clearance, but not SNPs on the new putative transporters genes.